The article is a subjective view on this topic written by writers specializing in medical writing.
It may reflect on a personal journey surrounding struggles with an illness or medical condition, involve product comparisons, diet considerations, or other health-related opinions.
Although the view is entirely that of the writer, it is based on academic experiences and scientific research they have conducted; it is fact-checked by a team of degreed medical experts, and validated by sources attached to the article.
The numbers in parenthesis (1,2,3) will take you to clickable links to related scientific papers.
Best CBD Oil & Gummies For Kids (For ADHD) 2024 – Is It Safe?
All articles are produced independently. When you click our links for purchasing products, we earn an affiliate commission. Learn more about how we earn revenue by reading our advertise disclaimer.
CBD + CBG Oil Wellness Tincture
- Broad spectrum CBD (500mg-6,000mg)
- With proven antioxidants Curcumin & Coenzyme Q10
- Organic, non-GMO & vegan
25% Off Coupon: HEALTHCANAL
CBDfx Mixed Berry Gummies
- Broad Spectrum CBD – 50mg per serving
- Vegan & Gluten-Free
- All-natural ingredients for a greater sense of calm
25% Off Coupon: HEALTHCANAL
Spruce CBD
- Two concentrations of high-quality CBD
- Grown in the USA (Kentucky and North Carolina)
- Every batch is third-party lab tested
15% Off Coupon: HEALTHCANAL
Children continue to grow and develop well into their teenage years, so the effects of substances and medications that are considered predictable in adults may not be in children. When it comes to things like CBD products, there is some concern about safety.
Marijuana intoxication in children can be very dangerous, but not all CBD products contain THC. Cannabidiol has been widely tested in adults[1] for conditions ranging from chronic pain to epilepsy, and some studies even show promise for CBD use in children. It’s always important to follow your pediatrician’s recommendations, but cannabis use could help children with certain conditions.
In this article, we’ll explore the subject of CBD oil and gummies for kids. You’ll learn the basics about CBD oil and gummies for children including the potential health benefits as well as the side effects. You’ll also see our top 10 picks for the safest cannabis products for children.
Top CBD Oil & Gummies For Kids List (September. 2024)
- CBDfx CBD + CBG Oil Wellness Tincture – Editor’s Choice
- CBDfx Gummies – Best Vegan
- Spruce CBD – Best Transparency
- Joy Organics Oil – Best Overall
- Joy Organics CBD Gummies – Best Flavored
- Royal CBD – Best Reputation
- Nuleaf Naturals – Best Service
- CBDPure – Best Purity
- Medterra – Best Variety
- Penguin CBD – Best Natural
- PlusCBD – Best Bulk Products
CBD For Kids (With ADHD)
Cannabidiol or CBD is extracted from the hemp plant, Cannabis sativa, which is also the species that Marijuana comes from as well as two other varieties of the same plant, Cannabis indica, and Cannabis ruderalis. Though cannabinoids like CBD are abundant in both, cannabidiol doesn’t have the psychoactive properties associated with marijuana. These effects are linked to another cannabinoid called tetrahydrocannabinol or THC.[2]
Medical research[3] regarding therapeutic applications for CBD is ongoing, but numerous studies support its use for concerns ranging from seizures to chronic pain and inflammation. In fact, some of the strongest support for the medical use of CBD is for the treatment of seizure disorders like Lennox-Gastaut and Dravet syndrome in children and adults.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or ADHD is by symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity or impulsivity that present before the age of 12. Research reveals the role of abnormal dopamine transmission and dopamine deficiency in this condition which suggests the involvement of the endocannabinoid system in some way. Though CBD has been shown to improve hyperactivity in autistic children, it hasn’t been studied extensively for ADHD. Anecdotal support exists for the use of CBD oil as an ADHD treatment in kids, but there isn’t enough scientific evidence to support this particular application.
Research on CBD use in children is still somewhat limited, but several studies have shown promising results. Read on to learn more about CBD oil for kids and to see our top 5 picks.
Top 9 Brands For Best CBD Oils & Gummies For Kids In 2024
CBDfx CBD + CBG Oil Wellness Tincture
25% Off Coupon: HEALTHCANAL
You can rest assured knowing you will be purchasing high-quality CBD oil for your child if you go with CBDfx.
- Broad spectrum CBD (500mg-6,000mg)
- With proven antioxidants Curcumin & Coenzyme Q10
- Organic, Non-GMO & Vegan
- Pricey
This product also has CBG or Cannabigerol. According to some animal studies, CBG may have neuroprotective properties,[4] reduce inflammation[5] associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and kill bacteria.[6]
As a bonus, this product is also made with a proprietary terpene blend which may help produce “the entourage effect.” The entourage effect[7] is the term used to describe the increased benefits of CBD oil when it includes terpenes and additional compounds naturally found in the cannabis plant.
This broad-spectrum oil comes in five strengths ranging from 500mg to 6000mg per 30 mL tincture.
Another benefit of this product is that it’s tested by a third party, certified organic, and vegan. Unopened or minimally used products can be returned within 60 days for a full refund.
CBDfx Gummies
25% Off Coupon: HEALTHCANAL
Broad-spectrum CBD is a suitable choice as an ingredient to make CBD gummies. It improves the overall potency and many other benefits the user will experience.
- Premium broad-spectrum CBD
- Contains 50 mg of CBD per serving
- Save up to 25% when bundling
- Higher in calories and carbohydrates than other gummies
If you enjoy eating a couple of gummies daily, then why not consider CBD gummies? The CBD gummies are infused with broad-spectrum CBD. As a result, you can enjoy the fruit flavor of gummies while also benefiting from the CBD effects.
The gummies are just as potent as the CBD tinctures. This is because they offer 50mg of CBD per serving. There is no doubt this will make the gummies irresistible for most people to consume pre-measured CBD amounts at any time of the day.
Why choose the CBDfx gummies? Well, CBDfx uses all-organic ingredients, which are all about safety. These ingredients are also free of any GMOs and will not contain artificial sweeteners. Everything you will taste with the gummies is natural.
The manufacturer also publishes the third-party lab test results for you to confirm more about its safety. The third-party tests also improve the transparency of the company.
Make sure to follow the label instructions on how to use the gummies. As much as they might be fun to chew on them, you do not want to end up abusing them. Start with one or two gummies and closely monitor their effects before chewing more gummy bears.
Spruce CBD
15% Off Coupon: HEALTHCANAL
Grown in the USA, Spruce CBD oil is third-party lab tested for safety and purity.
- Two concentrations of high-quality CBD
- Grown in the USA (Kentucky and North Carolina)
- Every batch is third-party lab tested
- Dosage may be tricky for children
- Fairly expensive compared to others
If you’re looking for quality hemp products, Spruce CBD offers two standard tinctures as well as a limited-edition Pumpkin Spice flavor. Their CBD oil comes in concentrations of 750mg or 2,400mg of full-spectrum cannabidiol with low THC levels of less than 0.3%.
This company uses 100% natural ingredients and its products are proudly made in the USA by a family-run business. All products are tested by a third-party lab for purity and potency, guaranteed to be free from pesticides. Their recipes are vegan and gluten-free, free from artificial flavors, preservatives, and sweeteners. Make a one-time purchase or save 15% with a subscription order.
Joy Organics Oil
When it comes to CBD gummies and oil for kids, it’s important to pay attention to THC content. Joy Organics offers four flavors of quality CBD completely free from THC.
- Organic CBD oil free from THC
- Choose from three flavors or unflavored
- Three concentrations 450mg to 1,350mg
- Someway expensive compared to other
- Caution is recommended with full vs broad-spectrum
If you’re looking for CBD gummies and oil for kids, it’s important to find the highest quality CBD you can. Joy Organics offers USDA Certified Organic CBD oils in three concentrations: 450mg, 900mg, or 1,350mg. Their formulas are made with just three high-quality ingredients and they are lab-tested for purity and potency. Enjoy free shipping and a money-back guarantee.
When shopping for Joy Organics CBD products, make sure to pay attention to what you’re buying. Kids can be picky, so it’s important to choose CBD gummies that come in tasty, kid-friendly flavors. Joy Organics offers two gummies flavors: Strawberry Lemonade and Green Apple. Both formulas contain 30 gummies with 10mg of cannabidiol per gummy.
Joy Organics also offers both full-spectrum CBD oil and pure CBD oil free from THC. Their THC-free oils come in several flavors which may make them more appealing to kids. Choose from Summer Lemon, Tranquil Mint, Orange Bliss, or an unflavored option.
Joy Organics Gummies
25% Off Coupon: HEALTHCANAL
The Joy Organics CBD gummies are high-quality, easy to take, convenient, and tasty. These are all features that will appeal to those who love using CBD more often.
- Gluten and THC-free
- Easy to take
- Many different flavors to choose
- The result might not be instant
Who would not want to enjoy gummies? To make it better, they are CBD gummies.
Joy Organics understands that its clients would once in a while enjoy gummies rather than taking CBD soft gels or oil all the time.
The CBD gummies are loved for their taste, and convenience, and still as a fun way to take CBD. Take note that CBD gummies are just as effective as other types of CBD products. So, slow down on those gummies and only use them as recommended.
The ingredients will vary depending on the flavor you pick. Since they are from the same brand, several ingredients will be common. All the ingredients of these CBD gummies are organic for more health benefits and safety.
The two major flavors you can order from Joy Organics include strawberry lemonade and green apple.
The gummies are gluten-free and THC-free. If you are intolerant to gluten, you can be sure such CBD products are safe.
Royal CBD Oil & Gummies
20% Off Coupon: HC20
Choose from two concentrations of cannabidiol and two types of CBD gummies with Royal CBD.
- Choose from two concentrations (10mg or 25mg)
- Select from dots or sour drops
- All CBD gummies are free from THC
- Only available in multi-flavor packs
- Somewhat pricey compared to others
Gummies from RoyalCBD make it fun for kids to take their supplements. RoyalCBD offers two types of gummies and two different concentrations. Choose from dots or sour drops, and 10mg or 25mg concentrations. Each bottle contains a mixture of three flavors: strawberry, orange, and grape. All RoyalCBD gummies are made with natural ingredients in formulas that are gluten-free and lab-tested. Simply choose the product with the flavor and your preferred amount of CBD.
When you buy from RoyalCBD, you have peace of mind knowing your products are made in the USA and are 100% legal. Sign up for a subscription to receive 15% off your order.
Nuleaf Naturals
20% Off Coupon: HEALTHCANAL
NuLeaf’s CBD Full-Spectrum Hemp Oil is sourced from organically grown hemp in Colorado and highly rated by users for being high on quality, potent and affordable.
- Supercritical CO2-extracted hemp extract
- Third-party lab testing
- All CBD oils contain 60 mg/ml of CBD
- Limited product selection
- No flavored options
NuLeaf Naturals is one of the leading US CBD hemp companies and was founded in 2014, by a group of people who describe themselves as “plant medicine aficionados.” The company is now one of the best-established names in the industry. Its hemp is grown on licensed farms in Colorado using eco-friendly farming and extraction practices.
NuLeaf Naturals only sells one kind of tincture, its full-spectrum hemp CBD Oil made of hemp extracts and virgin hemp seed oil that is obtained using its proprietary CO2 extraction method. But what NuLeaf Naturals lacks in variety, it more than makes up in quality and potency, according to more than 21,000 NuLeaf Naturals reviews by customers who have given NuLeaf’s CBD oil a 4.9 rating on its website. Customers say NuLeaf Naturals’ CBD oils have helped them with problems such as anxiety, insomnia, arthritis, and other issues.
Its CBD oil contains the same concentration of cannabinoids — 60mg/ml — whatever the amount you buy. The product is ultra-concentrated at 30mg CBD per serving. CBD oils the brand are fast-acting and generally have no drug interaction but to be sure check with your doctor before consuming.
CBDPure
CBD Pure uses the CO2 extraction method to create high-quality, organic, non-GMO CBD oil.
- Certified organic non-GMO hemp
- Grown in Colorado and Washington
- Co2 extracted and third-party lab tested
- Limited product range compared to some brands
When it comes to pure CBD, no one does it better. This company uses the CO2 extraction method with certified organic hemp to produce some of the best CBD oils on the market. Their hemp is grown by local family farmers in Washington and Colorado, and minimally processed to ensure the highest quality and uncompromised purity.
CBD Pure CBD oil comes in three concentrations: 300mg, 600mg, and 1,000mg. Their CBD products are affordably priced and you’ll receive significant savings when you order a 3-month or 6-month supply. Their products contain less than 0.3% THC by weight and are backed by a 90-day money-back guarantee.
Medterra Oil & Gummies
Choose from a wide range of products including CBD oils and gummies in several concentrations.
- Available in three different concentrations
- Made with 99%+ CBD and MCT oil
- Laboratory-tested and THC-free
- Caution recommended with full vs broad-spectrum
Medterra offers a wide range of CBD products including both full-spectrum CBD oil and broad-spectrum CBD. If you’re concerned about THC content, we recommend choosing one of their broad-spectrum CBD oil products which are free from THC. Medterra pack have 30 gummies.
In terms of their CBD oils, Medterra uses hemp grown and extracted in the USA. They are certified by the U.S. Hemp Authority and all products are tested by independent labs for purity and safety. Their CBD oils are free from pesticides and backed by a 30-day money-back guarantee. Medterra CBD oils come in 30ml bottles with easy-to-use droppers.
Penguin CBD
15% Off Coupon: HEALTHCANAL
Shaped like worms and dusted with sweet and sour sugar, Penguin CBD gummies are irresistible.
- Tangy sweet and sour blend
- 10mg of cannabidiol per gummy worm
- Save 15% with a monthly subscription
- Contains artificial color
When it comes to cannabidiol gummies, Penguin CBD knows what they’re doing. Shaped like colorful little worms, these are the perfect CBD gummies for kids. These gummies contain 10mg of cannabidiol per gummy and they are full of fruity flavor, dusted with a tangy sweet and sour sugar blend. Penguin gummies are made with THC-free cannabidiol isolate, so you don’t have anything to worry about. Receive 15% off your automatic monthly shipment.
PlusCBD
20% Off Coupon: HEALTHCANAL
Never worry about running out of CBD gummies for kids with PlusCBD’s 60-count bottles.
- Available in 30-count and 60-count bottles
- Save 20% with auto-refill orders
- Choose Cherry Mango or Citrus Punch
- It may contain up to 0.3% THC by weight
No child can resist a delicious gummy, so you won’t have any trouble giving your kids PlusCBD gummies. The only problem you may run into is that you run out too quickly. Fortunately, PlusCBD offers both 30-count and 60-count bottles so you can stock up on your kid’s favorite flavor. Choose from Cherry Mango or Citrus Punch and enjoy the peace of mind of knowing your child will be getting the full benefit of hemp cannabidiol with no artificial sweeteners.
Receive 20% with auto refill and get free shipping on your order as well. All PlusCBD products are third-party lab-tested and contain 10mg of cannabidiol per gummy.
Using CBD Oil & Gummies For Children
No parent wants to see their child suffer. Kids with anxiety, ADHD symptoms, and other mental health issues may struggle at school and at home. Depending on the severity of their symptoms, it could impact the child’s daily life as well. For pharmaceutical drugs, these problems exist, but there is always a risk of side effects. If you’re exploring alternative options for symptom management, you may be wondering about CBD.
Will CBD Make My Child High?
One of the most important things parents need to know is that pure cannabidiol will not make their child high the way marijuana would. Marijuana contains cannabidiol, but its concentrations of THC are much higher.
Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is a cannabinoid compound like CBD that occurs naturally in the cannabis plant and it is known for producing psychoactive effects. The cannabidiol oil used to make CBD gummies is typically derived from hemp (Cannabis sativa) while marijuana is derived from Cannabis indica and sativa. CBD oil made with full-spectrum hemp (a whole-plant extract) may contain trace amounts of THC, but it can legally only contain up to 0.3% by dry weight.
If you want to be absolutely certain your child isn’t accidentally ingesting THC, choose broad-spectrum CBD gummies. Broad-spectrum cannabidiol oil doesn’t contain any THC.
Is CBD Safe For Children?
The World Health Organization (WHO) recently reviewed the evidence regarding the safety and effectiveness of CBD. In their report, the WHO concluded[8] that “CBD is generally well tolerated with a good safety profile.” That being said, medications and supplements may affect children differently than adults. Clinical evidence of using CBD in children is still fairly limited, so parents should follow their pediatrician’s advice and exercise caution when using CBD.
Is It Legal To Give CBD To Children?
Because it comes from the same plant as marijuana, CBD was long considered a Schedule 1 substance which has made it difficult to study. The DEA eased some of those restrictions in 2015 and the Agricultural Improvement Act of 2018[9] (the 2018 Farm Bill) made it legal to sell CBD products as long as they contain less than 0.3% THC by dry weight.
Though CBD is legal in many states, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) still has the right to regulate products that contain cannabis or cannabis-derived compounds. To date, the FDA has only approved one cannabis-derived drug product, Epidiolex. This drug contains a purified form of CBD and is used for the treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome[10] or Dravet syndrome as well as tuberous sclerosis in children 2 years and older. In other words, the FDA has concluded that this drug is both safe and effective for its intended use.
Certain states may have some restrictions for purchasing CBD, but hemp-derived CBD products are legal on the federal level as long as they contain under 0.3% THC. Marijuana is illegal on the federal level, and it is not legal to give THC to children. Because some CBD products contain trace amounts of THC, the legality of these products for children is something of a gray area. At this point, it is up to the parent to make a responsible decision regarding CBD use.
CBD Oil & Gummies Benefits For Kids
Before considering CBD for your child, you should understand what it is and how it works. Cannabidiol or CBD is a cannabinoid compound derived from the Cannabis plant. Cannabis sativa (hemp) contains high concentrations of CBD while Cannabis indica (marijuana) has higher concentrations of THC. Both contain over 400 different chemical compounds,[11] over 60 of which are various types of cannabinoids.
The effects of cannabis are still being studied, but cannabinoids like CBD and THC have been shown to induce physiological changes by acting on the endocannabinoid system in the body. This is a complex cell-signaling system that plays a role in regulating key body functions and maintaining homeostasis. Some studies show the benefits of CBD may be heightened when combined with other phytocompounds[12] like terpenes – this is called the entourage effect.
When it comes to scientific research, CBD has been studied for common ailments like chronic pain, inflammation, anxiety, and insomnia in adults. Scientific support for CBD as an effective treatment for these and other conditions is ongoing. When it comes to CBD oil for children, research is even more limited.
Here’s what you need to know about some of the most well-studied uses of CBD for children:
Autism
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) encompasses a broad range of conditions characterized by challenges with social skills, nonverbal communication, repetitive behaviors, and speech. The CDC estimates autism affects 1 in 54 children[13] in the United States. Scientific understanding of autism is still limited, but many studies are ongoing. In fact, several studies have been conducted regarding the use of medical cannabis and CBD oil for children with autism.
A data analysis[14] conducted using data collected from ASD patients treated with medical cannabis between 2015 and 2017 revealed significant improvement in autism symptoms in over 30% of patients and moderate improvement in over 50%. Unfortunately, over 25% of patients experienced side effects of medical marijuana use, the most common being restlessness.
Regarding CBD oil, in particular, one study[15] found that cannabidiol reduced autism symptoms such as self-injury and rage attacks by 68.4%. Hyperactivity improved in 68% and sleep problems improved in over 71% of patients. Over 47% of patients also experienced anxiety relief. Adverse effects were mild across the board.
Seizures
Perhaps the most widely studied use of cannabidiol in children is for epilepsy, particularly rare seizure disorders like Dravet syndrome and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. Epidiolex is the first FDA-approved[16] cannabis-based drug, and its effectiveness is supported by three randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled drug trials.[17] In another study,[18] adding CBD to current treatments significantly reduced seizures associated with Dravet syndrome.
Another study[19] tested the efficacy of CBD-enriched cannabis extract for patients with refractory epilepsy aged 1 to 20. Over 50% of patients experienced a reduction in the frequency of seizures and younger age at onset paired with higher CBD dose were associated with a better response to treatment.
Pain
According to a 2018 study[20] of cannabidiol use, over 60% of CBD users take it as a treatment for pain. Numerous studies have shown the pain-relieving benefits of CBD oil as well as inflammation reduction. These benefits are attributed to the effects of cannabidiol on the endocannabinoid system, though the exact mechanisms through which these benefits are achieved are still unclear.
Research regarding the use of CBD for pain relief is primarily limited to animal studies and studies involving adult subjects. Though research involving children is much less common, the potential benefits of CBD for pain in children may be extrapolated from these results.
Anxiety
It is a little more difficult to study the use of CBD for mental health issues than for physical conditions. That being said, several animal and human studies[21] have shown the promise of CBD oil for anxiety. CBD research in children, however, is somewhat limited. One study[22] supports the effectiveness of CBD oil for pediatric anxiety and insomnia related to post-traumatic stress disorder. More research is needed to determine the effects of CBD oil on anxiety in children.
How To Use CBD Oil & Gummies For Kids
When it comes to using CBD, especially for children, it’s best to follow your pediatrician’s recommendations. There is no standard dosage for CBD, and children may require lower doses due to their smaller size. Recommended dosage varies from one product to another based on the concentration of CBD in the product, as well as the condition you’re treating.
In some cases, it may take time and a little trial and error to find the best CBD dosage for your child. Start with the lowest recommended dose to make sure your child tolerates it well, then increase the dosage if needed to obtain the desired effect.
How To Find The Best CBD For Your Kids
Because CBD has become a popular alternative to conventional treatment options, it’s pretty easy to find. The best place to shop may be online because you can compare different products and you’re not limited to the state in which you live (though be sure to check for shipping restrictions to certain states based on local regulations).
When shopping for CBD for a child, it’s especially important to find a product that is made from high-quality hemp and tested for purity and safety. Find out where the hemp is grown and where the product is manufactured. It’s also a good idea to check to see if the hemp is grown organically and that it’s free from pesticides and other toxins. Make sure the CBD product is tested by an independent lab (third-party) and look for a certificate of analysis (COA) with a certification from a reputable organization like the U.S. Pharmacopeia (USP).
If you’re new to CBD, you might want to consider starting with CBD gummies rather than CBD oil. These are convenient and easy to dose because they have a specific amount of CBD per gummy. Whatever product you choose, be sure to follow the dosing instructions on the label.
Tips For Giving CBD To Children
Cannabis users have a wide range of products to choose from. If you’re not familiar with CBD yourself, you may find it difficult to get used to dosing and administering CBD oil to your child. As an alternative, you might consider CBD gummies as an introduction. CBD gummies are simply chewable supplements that contain CBD. The flavor of CBD oil can be off-putting to some, so your child may even prefer CBD gummies.
If you choose to use liquid CBD tinctures, it’s best to administer them directly by mouth. Follow the dosing instructions on the CBD product and drop the liquid under your child’s tongue.[23] It’s best to hold the liquid in the mouth for a few seconds before swallowing so it can be absorbed into the bloodstream more effectively.
The benefits of CBD oil are the subject of an ongoing study, but CBD oil hasn’t been extensively researched for its use in children. Though it shows promise for certain conditions, it’s still important to follow your pediatrician’s advice and to use caution when choosing and administering a CBD product to a child.
Frequently Asked Questions
Under the 2018 Farm Bill, CBD products are legal to sell and purchase as long as they contain under 0.3% THC. Because THC is not legal for children, however, there’s a gray area surrounding the legality of tetrahydrocannabinol-containing CBD oils for kids.
Yes, as long as it’s used responsibly and the CBD oil is of high quality
There is no standard dosage for CBD in adults or in children, so you’ll need to talk to your pediatrician and follow the instructions on the label. Dosage may vary depending on the product’s concentration and the condition you’re trying to treat.
+ 23 sources
Health Canal avoids using tertiary references. We have strict sourcing guidelines and rely on peer-reviewed studies, academic researches from medical associations and institutions. To ensure the accuracy of articles in Health Canal, you can read more about the editorial process here
- VanDolah, H.J., Bauer, B.A. and Mauck, K.F. (2019). Clinicians’ Guide to Cannabidiol and Hemp Oils. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, [online] 94(9), pp.1840–1851. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025619619300072.
- C. Heather Ashton. (2001). Pharmacology and effects of cannabis: A brief review. British Journal of Psychiatry, [online] 178(2), pp. 101-106. Available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/82B02735F420CB287DCC80843FC34AE1/S0007125000265069a.pdf/pharmacology_and_effects_of_cannabis_a_brief_review.pdf.
- Darkovska-Serafimovska, M., Serafimovska, T., Arsova-Sarafinovska, Z., Stefanoski, S., Keskovski, Z. and Balkanov, T. (2018). Pharmacotherapeutic considerations for use of cannabinoids to relieve pain in patients with malignant diseases. Journal of Pain Research, [online] Volume 11, pp.837–842. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5922297/.
- Saini, R. (2011). Coenzyme Q10: The essential nutrient. Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences, [online] 3(3), p.466. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3178961/.
- Valdeolivas, S., Navarrete, C., Cantarero, I., Bellido, M.L., Muñoz, E. and Sagredo, O. (2014). Neuroprotective Properties of Cannabigerol in Huntington’s Disease: Studies in R6/2 Mice and 3-Nitropropionate-lesioned Mice. Neurotherapeutics, [online] 12(1), pp.185–199. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25252936/.
- Borrelli, F., Fasolino, I., Romano, B., Capasso, R., Maiello, F., Coppola, D., Orlando, P., Battista, G., Pagano, E., Di Marzo, V. and Izzo, A.A. (2013). Beneficial effect of the non-psychotropic plant cannabinoid cannabigerol on experimental inflammatory bowel disease. Biochemical Pharmacology, [online] 85(9), pp.1306–1316. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23415610/.
- Appendino, G., Gibbons, S., Giana, A., Pagani, A., Grassi, G., Stavri, M., Smith, E. and Rahman, M.M. (2008). Antibacterial Cannabinoids from Cannabis sativa: A Structure−Activity Study. Journal of Natural Products, [online] 71(8), pp.1427–1430. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18681481/.
- Ferber, S.G., Namdar, D., Hen-Shoval, D., Eger, G., Koltai, H., Shoval, G., Shbiro, L. and Weller, A. (2020). The ‘Entourage Effect’: Terpenes Coupled with Cannabinoids for the Treatment of Mood Disorders and Anxiety Disorders. Current Neuropharmacology, [online] 18(2), pp.87–96. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7324885/.
- Geneva (2018). CANNABIDIOL (CBD) Critical Review Report Expert Committee on Drug Dependence Fortieth Meeting. [online] Available at: https://www.who.int/medicines/access/controlled-substances/CannabidiolCriticalReview.pdf.
- Office (2021). FDA Regulation of Cannabis and Cannabis-Derived Products: Q&A. [online] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/news-events/public-health-focus/fda-regulation-cannabis-and-cannabis-derived-products-including-cannabidiol-cbd#farmbill.
- Abu-Sawwa, R. and Stehling, C. (2020). Epidiolex (Cannabidiol) Primer: Frequently Asked Questions for Patients and Caregivers. The Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics, [online] 25(1), pp.75–77. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6938286/.
- Atakan, Z. (2012). Cannabis, a complex plant: different compounds and different effects on individuals. Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology, [online] 2(6), pp.241–254. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3736954/.
- CDC (2022). Data & Statistics on Autism Spectrum Disorder. [online] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/autism/data.html.
- Bar-Lev Schleider, L., Mechoulam, R., Saban, N., Meiri, G. and Novack, V. (2019). Real life Experience of Medical Cannabis Treatment in Autism: Analysis of Safety and Efficacy. Scientific Reports, [online] 9(1). Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6336869/.
- Barchel, D., Stolar, O., De-Haan, T., Ziv-Baran, T., Saban, N., Fuchs, D.O., Koren, G. and Berkovitch, M. (2019). Oral Cannabidiol Use in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder to Treat Related Symptoms and Co-morbidities. Frontiers in Pharmacology, [online] 9. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6333745/.
- Office (2020). FDA Approves First Drug Comprised of an Active Ingredient Derived from Marijuana to Treat Rare, Severe Forms of Epilepsy. [online] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-first-drug-comprised-active-ingredient-derived-marijuana-treat-rare-severe-forms.
- French, J., Thiele, E., Mazurkiewicz-Beldzinska, M., Selim Benbadis, Marsh, E., Joshi, C., Roberts, C., Taylor, A. and Sommerville, K. (2017). Cannabidiol (CBD) significantly reduces drop seizure frequency in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS): results of a multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial (GWPCARE4) (S21.001). Neurology, [online] 88(16 Supplement). Available at: https://n.neurology.org/content/88/16_Supplement/S21.001.short.
- Devinsky, O., Nabbout, R., Miller, I., Laux, L., Zolnowska, M., Wright, S. and Roberts, C. (2018). Long‐term cannabidiol treatment in patients with Dravet syndrome: An open‐label extension trial. Epilepsia, [online] 60(2), pp.294–302. Available at: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/epi.14628.
- Hausman-Kedem, M., Menascu, S. and Kramer, U. (2018). Efficacy of CBD-enriched medical cannabis for treatment of refractory epilepsy in children and adolescents – An observational, longitudinal study. Brain and Development, [online] 40(7), pp.544–551. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0387760418301128.
- Corroon, J. and Phillips, J.A. (2018). A Cross-Sectional Study of Cannabidiol Users. Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, [online] 3(1), pp.152–161. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6043845/.
- Blessing, E.M., Steenkamp, M.M., Manzanares, J. and Marmar, C.R. (2015). Cannabidiol as a Potential Treatment for Anxiety Disorders. Neurotherapeutics, [online] 12(4), pp.825–836. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4604171/.
- Shannon, S. (2016). Effectiveness of Cannabidiol Oil for Pediatric Anxiety and Insomnia as Part of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Case Report. The Permanente Journal, [online] 20(4). Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5101100/.
- Hausman-Kedem, M., Menascu, S. and Kramer, U. (2018). Efficacy of CBD-enriched medical cannabis for treatment of refractory epilepsy in children and adolescents – An observational, longitudinal study. Brain and Development, [online] 40(7), pp.544–551. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0387760418301128.