What Is Generational Trauma? Signs & How To Heal From It 2023
Updated on
- Written by Sarah Ryan, BSc Nutritional Medicine
Medically reviewed by
Kathy Shattler, MS, RDN
Also known as transgenerational trauma and intergenerational trauma, it refers to the psychological and emotional impact of traumatic experiences passed down from one generation to another. This type of trauma can be transmitted through various channels, including cultural traditions, family relationships, and even genetic inheritance.
What is generational traumal? A single individual doesn’t experience trauma; it can extend for generations and have severe and long-term consequences on individuals, families, and community groups. It can lead to mental illness, substance abuse, and socioeconomic disparities. On the upside, healing from trauma is entirely possible with the right interventions.
Key Takeaways
- Generational trauma refers to the emotional and psychological scars passed down from generation to generation.
- The signs and symptoms of generational trauma include anxiety, depression, addiction, PTSD, avoidance, and isolation.
- Healing from generational trauma requires addressing the root cause of the trauma and seeking support through community, therapy, or self-care.
What Is Intergenerational Trauma?
Intergenerational trauma is the same as generational trauma and refers to the emotional and psychological scars passed down from generation to generation. Examples of the causes of generational trauma include historical events, natural disasters, or systemic oppression experienced by a cultural group, such as slavery or genocide.
Traumatic experiences and their effects can be intergenerational, affecting the immediate victim and their descendants. The unresolved trauma may manifest in many ways, including anxiety, stress, depression, addiction, and even physical health problems.
Research has shown that this kind of trauma can alter the genetic expression of descendants and cause changes in brain structure and function, leading to increased vulnerability to mental health disorders.
The impact of intergenerational trauma is not limited to the at-risk group but can also spill over to society’s broader population. It remains a root cause of some social issues as subsequent generations deal with its consequences.
Generational Trauma Signs & Symptoms
The signs and symptoms of intergenerational trauma can manifest in a range of ways,[1] including:
- Anxiety: Individuals who have experienced intergenerational trauma may have persistent feelings of worry or fear, which can manifest in physical symptoms such as restlessness, trouble sleeping, and increased heart rate.
- Depression: Intergenerational trauma can also lead to depression,[2] including feelings of hopelessness, sadness, and difficulty finding pleasure in once enjoyable activities.
- Addiction: Individuals who have experienced intergenerational trauma may be more likely to turn to drugs or alcohol[3] as a coping mechanism, which can lead to addiction and substance abuse.
- Post-traumatic stress disorder and hypervigilance: Individuals who have experienced generational trauma may be more alert and wary of potential threats or danger,[4] making it difficult to relax and feel safe in their surroundings.
- Avoidance: Some individuals may actively avoid situations or people that remind them of their trauma, leading to isolation and social withdrawal.[5]
The Impact Of Generational Trauma
On Communities
Individuals and communities affected by historical trauma may experience a wide range of negative outcomes,[6] including disrupted cultural traditions, language loss, poverty, unemployment, substance abuse, and physical illness.[7]
The cultural and historical context of intergenerational trauma is also significant, as certain groups may be more vulnerable to experiencing this due to traumatic events such as systemic oppression and discrimination. For example, Indigenous people[8] worldwide have experienced a significant amount due to colonization, forced relocation, and the residential school system. This trauma, particularly on school-age children, has had a profound impact on their mental and physical health, as well as their cultural identity and sense of belonging.
Intergenerational trauma may make it difficult for individuals and communities to trust outsiders or individuals from other groups. This can lead to further social isolation and a lack of access to support and resources that could help them recover.
Addressing and healing from intergenerational trauma requires a deep understanding of how trauma has impacted the community and a willingness to engage in challenging and uncomfortable conversations.
On Individuals
Intergenerational trauma can deeply affect an individual’s development, causing them to experience a range of negative consequences such as anxiety, depression, substance abuse, and other mental health issues. This can cause them to feel disconnected from their family and cultural roots.
Research shows that trauma can be inherited epigenetically,[9] meaning that it can affect the expression of genes in future generations. The impact can also be felt in interpersonal relationships, as individuals may struggle to form healthy attachments and maintain social connections.
On Families
Intergenerational trauma has been shown to profoundly affect family well-being and create tension and reactivity within the family unit. Psychological trauma, such as adverse childhood experiences, may be passed from family members to children through the transmission of negative beliefs, behaviors, and attitudes, creating a legacy through multiple generations until the cycle is broken.
Research has found[10] that individuals who have experienced trauma in their past, such as witnessing domestic violence or childhood trauma, are more likely to have difficulties with emotional regulation and struggle to form healthy relationships.
Children affected by intergenerational trauma may face various challenges, including a lack of emotional support and guidance, low self-esteem, developmental delays, and difficulty regulating emotions. The trauma may also contribute to issues of self-harm and suicide.
Dealing With Generational Trauma
Healing intergenerational trauma requires a long-term commitment to healing and recovery. It is essential to break the cycle of trauma by identifying and addressing the root causes. One way to achieve this is through education and awareness. Understanding the history of past traumatic events can help individuals and communities acknowledge trauma’s impact on their lives.
Therapy is another practical approach to addressing generational trauma.[11] It provides a safe and supportive environment to explore and process emotions related to traumatic experiences. Group therapy can benefit people and give them a sense of belonging and validation.
Self-care[12] is also crucial in dealing with any kind of stress or trauma. Practices such as meditation, exercise, and time in nature can help individuals reduce stress and promote healing. Family support is vital as well. Having supportive family members and friends can provide a sense of safety and stability, which is essential in recovery.
Recognizing that healing from intergenerational trauma is not a one-size-fits-all approach is essential. Each individual and community has unique experiences and needs. However, with a combination of education, therapy, self-care, and support, it is possible to break the cycle of trauma and begin the healing process.
When To Get Professional Help
If you notice that your generational trauma is impacting your ability to function in society, such as having difficulty maintaining a job or building relationships, seeking help from a mental health professional help can be life-changing.
A professional therapist or online counseling can help you identify the root cause of your generational trauma and develop strategies to manage and overcome it. You can learn coping mechanisms through therapy to handle difficult emotions and rebuild your life.
It is also crucial to seek assistance from mental health professionals if you use substances such as drugs or alcohol to cope with your emotions. Substance abuse can compound your issues and make it challenging to recover. If you are experiencing suicidal thoughts, do not hesitate to seek help immediately.
The Bottom Line
Generational trauma is a complex phenomenon that can manifest in various ways and affects individuals, communities, and even entire societies. It is crucial to recognize its existence and work towards addressing its root causes to promote healing and moving forward as a healthy and happy generation.
A combination of community recognition and support, psychotherapy, and lifestyle changes can help trauma survivors suffering from the effects of generational trauma begin to heal.
If you or someone you know is struggling, remember it is possible to learn how to break generational trauma. It may take time, but support from loved ones and professional resources can be invaluable in rebuilding your life. Take small daily steps towards healing for yourself and future generations.
+ 12 sources
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- Luke, Fraser, T., Kitchenham, A. and Verna Lynn McDonald (2018). Hidden Burdens: a Review of Intergenerational, Historical and Complex Trauma, Implications for Indigenous Families. [online] 11(2), pp.173–186. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s40653-016-0117-9.
- Evans-Campbell, T. (2016). Historical Trauma in American Indian/Native Alaska Communities: A Multilevel Framework for Exploring Impacts on Individuals, Families, and Communities – Teresa Evans-Campbell, 2008. [online] Journal of Interpersonal Violence. Available at: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0886260507312290?journalCode=jiva.
- Solomon, T.G.A., Starks, R.R.B., Attakai, A., Molina, F., Cordova-Marks, F., Kahn-John, M., Antone, C.L., Flores, M. and Garcia, F. (2022). The Generational Impact Of Racism On Health: Voices From American Indian Communities. Health Affairs, 41(2), pp.281–288. doi:https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2021.01419.
- Urrieta, L. (2019). Indigenous Reflections on Identity, Trauma, and Healing: Navigating Belonging and Power. [online] 3(2), pp.26–26. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/genealogy3020026.
- Elisabetta Dozio, Feldman, M., Cécile Bizouerne, Drain, E., Mathilde Laroche Joubert, Mansouri, M., Marie Rose Moro and Ouss, L. (2020). The Transgenerational Transmission of Trauma: The Effects of Maternal PTSD in Mother-Infant Interactions. [online] 11. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.480690.
- Yehuda, R. and Lehrner, A. (2018). Intergenerational transmission of trauma effects: putative role of epigenetic mechanisms. [online] 17(3), pp.243–257. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20568.
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Written by:
Sarah Ryan, BSc Nutritional Medicine
Medically reviewed by:
Medically reviewed by:
