Fact checkedEvidence Based

Evidence Based

This article is objectively based on relevant scientific literature, written by experienced medical writers, and fact-checked by a team of degreed medical experts.

Our team of registered dietitian nutritionists and licensed medical professionals seek to remain objective and unbiased while preserving the integrity of any scientific debate.

The articles contain evidence-based references from approved scientific sites. The numbers* in parentheses (*1,2,3) will take you to clickable links to our reputable sources.

Watercress Benefits: Nutrition, Risks & How To Eat 2024

Sevginur Akdas

Updated on - Written by
Medically reviewed by Kathy Shattler, MS, RDN

watercress benefits
Watercress is packed with essential vitamins and minerals. Photo: azerbaijan_stockers/Freepik

Watercress (Nasturtium officinale L.) is a member of the Brassicaceae family,[1] which includes vegetables such as kale, Brussels sprouts, broccoli, cauliflower, and collards. These crops are referred to as cruciferous vegetables.

Watercress is an aquatic perennial leafy green vegetable that can live in or close to water. Maybe you haven’t heard of watercress until now, but it is widespread and grows worldwide. It is cultivated[2] in Asia, Europe, India, and Africa naturally. Further, farming of watercress is possible everywhere that has ponds, lakes, slow-flowing streams, rivers, or canals. 

The health benefits of watercress are many to tell about. Watercress is an ancient crop of Turkish folk medicine often used to relieve abdominal pain. They also use it in salads or dishes. 

It has a high antioxidant capacity[3] with very low calories, which makes watercress a good choice for weight loss diets. Let’s explore watercress benefits and potential side effects.

11 Health Benefits Of Watercress

Watercress offers numerous health benefits:

  1. Lower blood pressure
  2. Improve athletic performance
  3. Benefits for lung health
  4. Regulate glucose and lipid metabolism
  5. Liver health and detoxification
  6. Antioxidant and immune booster effects
  7. Defense against cancer
  8. Benefits for women’s health
  9. Improve skin health
  10. Improve hair health
  11. Improve bones health

Watercress Benefits

Watercress Benefits
Watercress supports bone health, immunity, and heart health. Photo: azerbaijan_stockers/Freepik

In traditional medicine, people have used watercress as a remedy for asthma and cough. Today, it is very popular with its benefits for high blood pressure, heart diseases, high blood sugar, and other chronic illnesses related to the immune system. It leads to prevention against DNA damage,[4] cancer development, or metastasis. Even watercress is a durable crop in polluted water with heavy metals. 

Lower Blood Pressure

According to the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association,[5] healthy blood pressure should be under 120/80 mmHg (systolic/diastolic). You have hypertension if your blood pressure measurements are consistently 130/80 mm Hg or higher. Unfortunately, high blood pressure threatens the life quality of a great population[6] worldwide. Therefore, controlling hypertension with diet is important as it is an effective, effortless, and applicable treatment. 

At this point, nitrate comes to the stage. It is a functional molecule that improves vascular health. Our body uses dietary nitrates to synthase nitric oxide,[7] criticalin widening blood vessels, relieving blood flow, and lowering blood pressure. The risk of hypertension development is reduced through nitric oxide’s effects on vascular cells. Watercress may have favorable effects as a dietary nitrate source[8] that can help to lower blood pressure.

Improve Athletic Performance

Athletes may get promising effects related to the nitrate and antioxidant content of watercress. Watercress can be a good option for sports nutrition. Its nitrate content[9] widens blood vessels, increases oxygen capacity, and helps to improve performance and fatigue resistance in sports. 

Also, researchers showed that watercress could reduce oxidative stress after exercise. In an intervention study,[10] 19 healthy individuals consumed 85 grams of fresh watercress or a control meal and then did particular exercises. During the recovery phase, watercress consumption provided a stronger anti-inflammatory capacity and reduction in pro-inflammatory chemicals (such as IL-6 and TNF-α).

A study with healthy individuals indicates that acute (consumption 2 hours before exercise) and chronic (8 weeks consumption) watercress intake benefits against lipid oxidation and exercise-induced DNA damage.[11]

Benefits For Lung Health

Inflammation, immune defects, or oxidative stress caused by infections or smoking may lead to lung diseases. Watercress supplementation may help to attenuate pulmonary fibrosis[12] in animal models. It inhibits collagen deposition, which is the main factor in the development of fibrosis. 

Watercress consumption can be beneficial for tobacco users due to antioxidant molecules, including isothiocyanate. Isothiocyanates, released upon chewing watercress, can reduce radicals from smoking and the environment. It is also a preventive molecule against human lung cancer induced by tobacco use.[13]  

Regulate Glucose & Lipid Metabolism

Again, mainly due to the antioxidant activity of the watercress, it may help to regulate blood sugar and fat levels. 

Watercress extract lowered serum total cholesterol, fat, and low-density lipoproteins cholesterol. It also increased the serum high-density lipoproteins cholesterol level in hypercholesterolemic animals[14] fed with a high-fat diet. 

It is a promising vegetable for treating diabetes outcomes. In animal studies modeling diabetes, watercress remarkably lower total and LDL cholesterol[15] and blood sugar levels.[16] 

Furthermore, in the study with the animals with high blood sugar, watercress extract interestingly increased the number of beta-cells[17] responsible for insulin prıduction in the pancreas. It is attractively promising effects for diabetes related to beta-cell destruction.

In 15 metabolically healthy male individuals, researchers examined a single oral dose of 10 grams of freeze-dried watercress added to water consumption compared to only water. According to the results, watercress consumption enhances peptide YY secretion, a critical hormone in energy regulation in treating obesity.[18]

Liver Health & Detoxification

The strong antioxidant content[19] of watercress effectively binds heavy metals, removes peroxides, and inhibits free radicals. Watercress can activate the enzymes of the two phases of detoxification in the liver and inhibit liver toxicity.[20] The high level of flavonoid and phenolic compounds prevent lipid oxidation-related liver damage.[21]

Antioxidant & Immune Booster Effects

A randomized, crossover study[4] with 30 men and 30 women (30 smokers and 30 nonsmokers) examined 85 grams of raw watercress daily in addition to their habitual diet for eight weeks. Watercress consumption reduced DNA damage, and benefits were more significant in smokers than nonsmokers. 

Watercress modulates antioxidant enzymes[22] (such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase). It suggests the capacity of moderate intake of watercress to induce detoxification. 

Watercress also has deleterious effects on harmful metabolites of drugs.[23] For example, the antioxidant content of watercress, such as rutin, ferulic acid, and coumaric acid, has curative effects against paraben toxicity.[24]  

Defense Against Cancer

As we mentioned above, watercress has preventive capacities against DNA damage which is the main trigger of cancer, aging, and other disorders. Watercress inhibited DNA damage related to aggressive free radicals in all three phases of the cancer cell cycle[25] investigated.  

High polyphenol intake[26] is a beneficial strategy to reduce damage. Diets rich in vegetables such as watercress reduce the risk of lung cancer, colorectal carcinoma, and prostate cancer. These vegetables have a high amount of isothiocyanates[27] which are effective protective factors in cancer prevention. In animal models, isothiocyanates inhibit cancer cells.

Benefits For Women’s Health

Oxidative stress is the underlying cause of many health problems in women. Researchers investigated watercress in polycystic ovary syndrome, which is one of the common health problems in women. 

It intensifies mitochondrial apoptosis (scavenging of unhealthy cells or organelles) in cystic follicles and prevents their formation. Watercress consumption with commercial drugs can help ovulation and fertility in women with polycystic ovaries.[28] 

Improve Skin Health

Skin problems are related to environmental stress factors such as sunlight, radiation, or air pollution. Watercress can help to improve skin health by reducing the oxidative stress response. Its extract has promising effects against skin cancer.[29] Topical use[30] can also reduce skin-related (cutaneous) inflammatory processes.  

Improve Hair Health

Hair loss and greying effects are troublesome conditions for both men and women. Specific molecules, such as Dickkopf-1, are secreted from dermal papilla cells, suppressing melanogenesis, which gives hair color. Watercress extract inhibits these molecules’ secretion and may reduce hair greying and loss.[31]

Improve Bones Health

Watercress is a food that makes bones stronger. It increases bone cell[32] proliferation and the expression of collagen type I, which is the structural protein of healthy bones. The same study shows that watercress increased mineralization related to bone density. These findings indicate watercress might benefit bone health.

Nutrition Facts

Fresh watercress is very low in calories. One cup of (34 grams) raw chopped watercress[33] contains 3.7 calories, which is nothing! It doesn’t contain fat, is very low in protein (0.8 grams), and carbohydrate (0.4 grams). It does not provide very many macronutrients, but it is rich in micronutrients. One cup of watercress contains:

  • 54.40 micrograms of vitamin A (6% of daily value).
  • 85 mcg of vitamin K (70% of DV).
  • 14.6 milligrams of vitamin C (16% of DV).
  • 40.80 mg of calcium (3% of DV).
  • 112 mg of potassium (2% of DV). 

It also has some functional substances,[34] such as isothiocyanates, lutein, ß-carotene, quercetin, and zeaxanthin, like other cruciferous vegetables that provide good content for supplements.

Watercress Side Effects

After all, is watercress good for you in each case? No, there are some factors that you should consider. 

Watercress has a high amount of vitamin K. Therefore, you should avoid too much vitamin K in your diet if you use blood-thinning drugs such as warfarin, as it reduces warfarin effectiveness. 

Also, in a small study with healthy individuals, 100 grams of watercress daily for seven days was related to increased carbon dioxide production during exercise. This study suggests that it may have a negative effect on exercise performance,[35] but further studies are needed.

5 Ways To Add Watercress To Diet

Ways To Add Watercress To Diet
You can add watercress to your meals to bring health benefits. Photo: azerbaijan_stockers/Freepik

First, you should consider that cooking watercress[36] inactivates some of the anti-cancer effects by reducing related enzymes. So it might be better to consume raw watercress to get chemoprotective benefits.

Watercress Juice

It is the form of watercress consumed in many studies. You can use watercress to have your green smoothies with other beneficial leafy greens.

Salads

Adding watercress to your salads is a good idea as fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) are more available if they are consumed with oils such as extra virgin olive oil that you may add to your salads. 

Watercress Soup Or Dishes

Even though there will be a loss in some functional properties with cooking watercress, it can still be a healthy choice. You can add watercress to your vegetable mix dishes or soups and increase the antioxidant content of your meals. 

Sauces

You can prepare dip sauces or toppings with watercress and healthy nuts.

How Much Watercress Should You Eat?

There is no upper limit in the literature, but generally, studies include about 80-100 grams of fresh watercress.

The Bottom Line: Is Watercress Good For You?

As an ancient medicinal herb, watercress is more than a leafy green for us. It provides many vitamins and minerals besides its active compounds such as isothiocyanates, lutein, ß-carotene, quercetin, and more, plus being very low-calorie. 

This good combination of nutritional content protects from cancers, inflammation, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and many other diseases related to oxidative stress. It is also a great nitrate source, making watercress an ergogenic (performance-enhancing) food for athletes. 

It is clear that watercress is a functional food, and it has proven antioxidant and anti-inflammatory content. However, recent research showed the many health benefits of watercress only in animal or cell culture studies with limited available human studies. However, watercress has promising health effects, warranting more human clinical trials in the future. 


+ 36 sources

Health Canal avoids using tertiary references. We have strict sourcing guidelines and rely on peer-reviewed studies, academic researches from medical associations and institutions. To ensure the accuracy of articles in Health Canal, you can read more about the editorial process here

  1. Kapusta-Duch J;Kopeć A;Piatkowska E;Borczak B;Leszczyńska T (2012). The beneficial effects of Brassica vegetables on human health. Roczniki Panstwowego Zakladu Higieny, [online] 63(4). Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23631258/
  2. Klimek-Szczykutowicz, M., Szopa, A. and Ekiert, H. (2018). Chemical composition, traditional and professional use in medicine, application in environmental protection, position in food and cosmetics industries, and biotechnological studies of Nasturtium officinale (watercress) – a review. Fitoterapia, [online] 129, pp.283–292. doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2018.05.031.
  3. Keser, G. and Saygideger, S. (2009). Effects of Lead on the Activities of Antioxidant Enzymes in Watercress, Nasturtium officinale R. Br. Biological Trace Element Research, [online] 137(2), pp.235–243. doi:10.1007/s12011-009-8573-9.
  4. Gill, C.I., Haldar, S., Boyd, L.A., Bennett, R., Whiteford, J., Butler, M., Pearson, J.R., Bradbury, I. and Rowland, I.R. (2007). Watercress supplementation in diet reduces lymphocyte DNA damage and alters blood antioxidant status in healthy adults. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, [online] 85(2), pp.504–510. doi:10.1093/ajcn/85.2.504.
  5. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. (2017). 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. [online] Available at: https://www.jacc.org/doi/10.1016/j.jacc.2017.11.006?_ga=2.86879320.1182640551.1528306905-1524800955.1528306905
  6. Ikeda, N., Sapienza, D., Guerrero, R., Aekplakorn, W., Naghavi, M., Mokdad, A.H., Lozano, R., Murray, C.J. and Lim, S.S. (2013). Control of hypertension with medication: a comparative analysis of national surveys in 20 countries. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, [online] 92(1), pp.10–19C. doi:10.2471/blt.13.121954.
  7. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. (2016). Dietary Nitrate, Nitric Oxide, and Cardiovascular Health. [online] Available at: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10408398.2013.811212?journalCode=bfsn20
  8. Aires, A., Carvalho, R., Rosa, E.A.S. and Saavedra, M.J. (2012). Effects of agriculture production systems on nitrate and nitrite accumulation on baby‐leaf salads. Food Science & Nutrition, [online] 1(1), pp.3–7. doi:10.1002/fsn3.1.
  9. Jones, A.M. (2014). Dietary Nitrate Supplementation and Exercise Performance. Sports Medicine, [online] 44(S1), pp.35–45. doi:10.1007/s40279-014-0149-y.
  10. Schulze, H., Hornbacher, J., Wasserfurth, P., Reichel, T., Günther, T., Krings, U., Krüger, K., Hahn, A., Papenbrock, J. and Schuchardt, J.P. (2021). Immunomodulating Effect of the Consumption of Watercress (Nasturtium officinale) on Exercise-Induced Inflammation in Humans. Foods, [online] 10(8), p.1774. doi:10.3390/foods10081774.
  11. Fogarty, M.C., Hughes, C.M., Burke, G., Brown, J.C. and Davison, G.W. (2012). Acute and chronic watercress supplementation attenuates exercise-induced peripheral mononuclear cell DNA damage and lipid peroxidation. British Journal of Nutrition, [online] 109(2), pp.293–301. doi:10.1017/s0007114512000992.
  12. Ramezani, S., Javadi, I., Kokhdan, E., Omidifar, N., Nikbakht, J., Sadeghi, H., Doustimotlagh, A., Danaei, N., Abbasi, R. and Sadeghi, H. (2021). Protective and therapeutic effects of ethanolic extract of Nasturtium officinale (watercress) and vitamin E against bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats. Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, [online] 16(1), p.94. doi:10.4103/1735-5362.305192.
  13. Hecht (2022). Effects of watercress consumption on metabolism of a tobacco-specific lung carcinogen in smokers. Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology, [online] 4(8). Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8634661/
  14. Yazdanparast, R., Bahramikia, S. and Ardestani, A. (2008). Nasturtium officinale reduces oxidative stress and enhances antioxidant capacity in hypercholesterolaemic rats. Chemico-Biological Interactions, [online] 172(3), pp.176–184. doi:10.1016/j.cbi.2008.01.006.
  15. Hadjzadeh MA;Rajaei Z;Moradi R;Ghorbani A (2015). Effects of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Watercress (Nasturtium Officinale) Leaves on Serum Glucose and Lipid Levels in Diabetic Rats. Indian journal of physiology and pharmacology, [online] 59(2). Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26685512/
  16. Fallah-Hoseini H, Ahmad Reza Gohari, Soodabeh Saeidnia and Abbas Hadjiakhoondi (2009). The effect of Nasturtium officinale on blood glucose level in diabetic rats. [online] ResearchGate. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235418501_The_effect_of_Nasturtium_officinale_on_blood_glucose_level_in_diabetic_rats
  17. Fenton-Navarro, B., Urquiza-Martinez, M., Fiscal-Castro, B., Nateras-Marín, B., López-Rodríguez, M. and Vázquez-Hernández, A. (2016). Evaluation of the hypoglycemic and oxidative stress effect of watercress (Nasturtium officinale) on hyperglycemic rats. Planta Medica, [online] 81(S 01), pp.S1–S381. doi:10.1055/s-0036-1596338.
  18. Schiess, S., Platz, S., Kemper, M., Schreiner, M., Mewis, I., Rohn, S., Bumke-Vogt, C., Pivovarova, O. and Pfeiffer, A.F.H. (2017). Oral administration of nasturtium affects peptide YY secretion in male subjects. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, [online] 61(8), p.1600886. doi:10.1002/mnfr.201600886.
  19. Ozen T (2014). Investigation of antioxidant properties of Nasturtium officinale (watercress) leaf extracts. Acta poloniae pharmaceutica, [online] 66(2). Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19719054/
  20. Lhoste, E.F., Gloux, K., De Waziers, I., Garrido, S., Lory, S., Philippe, C., Rabot, S. and Knasmüller, S. (2004). The activities of several detoxication enzymes are differentially induced by juices of garden cress, water cress and mustard in human HepG2 cells. Chemico-Biological Interactions, [online] 150(3), pp.211–219. doi:10.1016/j.cbi.2004.08.007.
  21. Sadeghi, H., Azarmehr, N., Razmkhah, F., Sadeghi, H., Danaei, N., Omidifar, N., Vakilpour, H., Pourghadamyari, H. and Doustimotlagh, A.H. (2019). The hydroalcoholic extract of watercress attenuates protein oxidation, oxidative stress, and liver damage after bile duct ligation in rats. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, [online] 120(9), pp.14875–14884. doi:10.1002/jcb.28749.
  22. Hofmann, T., Kuhnert, A., Schubert, A., Gill, C., Rowland, I.R., Pool-Zobel, B.L. and Glei, M. (2009). Modulation of detoxification enzymes by watercress: in vitro and in vivo investigations in human peripheral blood cells. European Journal of Nutrition, [online] 48(8), pp.483–491. doi:10.1007/s00394-009-0039-5.
  23. Chen, L., Mohr, S.N. and Yang, C.S. (1996). Decrease of plasma and urinary oxidative metabolites of acetaminophen after consumption of watercress by human volunteers*. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, [online] 60(6), pp.651–660. doi:10.1016/s0009-9236(96)90213-1.
  24. Kurt, D., Yalçin, E. and Çavuşoğlu, K. (2022). GC–MS and HPLC supported phytochemical analysis of watercress and the protective role against paraben toxicity. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. [online] doi:10.1007/s11356-022-22380-7.
  25. Boyd, L.A., McCann, M.J., Hashim, Y., Bennett, R.N., Gill, C.I.R. and Rowland, I.R. (2006). Assessment of the Anti-Genotoxic, Anti-Proliferative, and Anti-Metastatic Potential of Crude Watercress Extract in Human Colon Cancer Cells. Nutrition and Cancer, [online] 55(2), pp.232–241. doi:10.1207/s15327914nc5502_15.
  26. Kapiszewska, M., Soltys, E., Visioli, F., Cierniak, A. and Zajac, G. (2012). The protective ability of the Mediterranean plant extracts against the oxidative DNA damage. The role of the radical oxygen species and the polyphenol content. Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. Supplement, [online] 56(1), pp.183–197. Available at: https://yadda.icm.edu.pl/yadda/element/bwmeta1.element.agro-article-051be587-404a-4138-90de-d5f890fd35db
  27. Kumar, A., D’Souza, S.S., Tickoo, S., Salimath, B.P. and Singh, H.B. (2009). Antiangiogenic and Proapoptotic Activities of Allyl Isothiocyanate Inhibit Ascites Tumor Growth in Vivo. Integrative Cancer Therapies, [online] 8(1), pp.75–87. doi:10.1177/1534735408330716.
  28. Cui, D., Xu, Z., Qiu, S. and Sun, Y. (2022). Nasturtium officinale L. and metformin alleviate the estradiol ‐induced polycystic ovary syndrome with synergistic effects through modulation of Bax/Bcl‐2/p53/caspase‐3 signaling pathway and anti‐inflammatory and anti‐oxidative effects. Journal of Food Biochemistry. [online] doi:10.1111/jfbc.14462.
  29. Kyriakou, S., Tragkola, V., Alghol, H., Anestopoulos, I., Amery, T., Stewart, K., Winyard, P.G., Trafalis, D.T., Franco, R., Pappa, A. and Panayiotidis, M.I. (2022). Evaluation of Bioactive Properties of Lipophilic Fractions of Edible and Non-Edible Parts of Nasturtium officinale (Watercress) in a Model of Human Malignant Melanoma Cells. Pharmaceuticals, [online] 15(2), p.141. doi:10.3390/ph15020141.
  30. Camponogara, C., Silva, C.R., Brusco, I., Piana, M., Faccin, H., de Carvalho, L.M., Schuch, A., Trevisan, G. and Oliveira, S.M. (2019). Nasturtium officinale R. Br. effectively reduces the skin inflammation induced by croton oil via glucocorticoid receptor-dependent and NF-κB pathways without causing toxicological effects in mice. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, [online] 229, pp.190–204. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2018.10.011.
  31. Hashimoto, M., Kawai, Y., Masutani, T., Tanaka, K., Ito, K. and Iddamalgoda, A. (2022). Effects of watercress extract fraction on R‐spondin 1‐mediated growth of human hair. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, [online] 44(2), pp.154–165. doi:10.1111/ics.12764.
  32. Hyun, H., Park, H., Jeong, J., Kim, J., Kim, H., Oh, H.I., Hwang, H.S. and Kim, H.H. (2014). Effects of Watercress Containing Rutin and Rutin Alone on the Proliferation and Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Osteoblast-like MG-63 Cells. The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology, [online] 18(4), p.347. doi:10.4196/kjpp.2014.18.4.347.
  33. Nutritionvalue.org. (2022). Watercress, raw nutrition facts and analysis. [online] Available at: https://www.nutritionvalue.org/Watercress%2C_raw_nutritional_value.html
  34. Panahi Kokhdan, E., Khodabandehloo, H., Ghahremani, H. and Doustimotlagh, A.H. (2021). A Narrative Review on Therapeutic Potentials of Watercress in Human Disorders. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, [online] 2021, pp.1–13. doi:10.1155/2021/5516450.
  35. Meamarbashi, A. and Alipour, M. (2014). Moderate dose of watercress and red radish does not reduce oxygen consumption during graded exhaustive exercise. Avicenna journal of phytomedicine, [online] 4(4), pp.267–72. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4110783/
  36. Aksornthong, C., Prutipanlai, S., Ruangrut, P. and Janchawee, B. (2019). Cooking has the potential to decrease the antitumor effect of fresh Betong watercress. Journal of Food Biochemistry, [online] 43(4), p.e12783. doi:10.1111/jfbc.12783.
Sevginur Akdas

Written by:

Sevginur Akdas, RD

Medically reviewed by:

Kathy Shattler

Sevginur Akdas is a researcher, medical writer, and clinical dietitian, who is currently pursuing her Ph.D. in metabolism, chronic diseases, and clinical nutrition fields. She has many scientific articles, meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and book chapters on nutrition, chronic diseases, dietary supplements, maternal and child nutrition, molecular nutrition & functional foods topics as a part of a research team currently. Besides her academic background, she is also a professional health&medical writer since 2017.

Medically reviewed by:

Kathy Shattler

Journal of Physical Education and Sport

Trusted Source

Go to source

SciELO - Scientific Electronic Library Online

Trusted Source

Go to source

African Journals Online

Non-profit Platform for African Journals

Trusted Source
Go to source

Journal of The American Board of Family Medicine

American Board of Family Medicine

Trusted Source
Go to source

Informit

RMIT University Library

Trusted Source
Go to source

European Food Safety Authority

Science, Safe food, Sustainability

Trusted Source
Go to source

OrthoInfo

American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons

Trusted Source
Go to source

American Academy of Family Physicians

Strengthen family physicians and the communities they care for

Trusted Source
Go to source

Agricultural Research Service

U.S. Department of Agriculture

Trusted Source
Go to source

The American Journal of Medicine

Official Journal of The Alliance for Academic Internal Medicine

Trusted Source
Go to source

National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism

Database From National Institute Of Health

Trusted Source
Go to source

Lippincott Journals

Subsidiaries of Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

Trusted Source
Go to source

National Institute on Aging

Database From National Institute Of Health

Trusted Source
Go to source

Translational Research

The Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine

Trusted Source
Go to source

Cell

An All-science Publisher

Trusted Source
Go to source

Journal of Translational Medicine

BioMed Central

Part of Springer Nature
Go to source

Federal Trade Commission

Protecting America's Consumers

Trusted Source
Go to source

National Human Genome Research Institute

Database From National Institute Of Health

Trusted Source
Go to source

Food Production, Processing and Nutrition

BioMed Central

Part of Springer Nature
Go to source

BMC Gastroenterology

BioMed Central

Part of Springer Nature
Go to source

ACS Publications

A Division of The American Chemical Society

Trusted Source
Go to source

Annual Reviews

Independent, Non-profit Academic Publishing Company

Trusted Source
Go to source

PubChem

National Center for Biotechnology Information

National Library of Medicine
Go to source

PLOS Journals

Nonprofit Publisher of Open-access Journals

Trusted Source
Go to source

Thieme E-books & E-Journals

Peer-reviewed & Open Access Journal

Trusted Source
Go to source

European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences

Peer-reviewed International Journal Publishes

Trusted Source
Go to source

Royal Society of Chemistry Publishing Home

Chemical Science Journals, Books and Database

Trusted Source
Go to source

Frontiers

Publisher of Peer-reviewed Articles in Open Acess Journals

Trusted Source
Go to source

De Gruyter

German Scholarly Publishing House

Trusted Source
Go to source

Hindawi

Open Access Research Journals & Papers

Trusted Source
Go to source

Oilseeds and Fats, Crops and Lipids

EDP Sciences

Trusted Source
Go to source

Cambridge Core

Cambridge University Press

Trusted Source
Go to source

FoodData Central

U.S. Department Of Agriculture

Trusted Source
Go to source

Journal of the American Heart Association

Peer-reviewed Open Access Scientific Journal

Trusted Source
Go to source

National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health

Database From National Institute Of Health

U.S Department of Health and Human Services
Go to source

The Americans with Disabilities Act

U.S. Department of Justice Civil Rights Division

Trusted Source
Go to source

Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics

Organization of Food and Nutrition Professionals

tr
Go to source

Sage Journals

Database From Sage Publications

Trusted Source
Go to source

National Institute of Drug Abuse

Database From National Institute Of Health

U.S Department of Health and Human Services
Go to source

The ClinMed International Library

A Repository and an Open Access Publisher for Medical Research

Trusted Source
Go to source

The Royal Society Publishing

United Kingdom's National Academy of Sciences

Trusted Source
Go to source

APA PsycNet

Database From American Psychological Association

Trusted Source
Go to source

The Pharma Innovation Journal

Peer-reviewed And Refereed Journal

Trusted Source
Go to source

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development

Peer-reviewed Bimonthly Journal

Trusted Source
Go to source

British Pharmacological Society

Journals - Wiley Online Library

Trusted Source
Go to source

American Psychological Association

Scientific and Professional Organization of Psychologists

Trusted Source
Go to source

AAP Publications

Database From American Academy of Pediatrics

Trusted Source
Go to source

Karger Publishers

Academic Publisher of Scientific and Medical Journals and Books

Trusted Source
Go to source

Cambridge University Press & Assessment

Database From Cambridge University

Trusted Source
Go to source

National Institute of Mental Health

Database From National Institute Of Health

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Go to source

MDPI

Publisher of Open Access Journals

Trusted Source
Go to source

Bulletin of the National Research Centre

Part of Springer Nature

Trusted Source
Go to source

The New England Journal of Medicine

Massachusetts Medical Society

Trusted Source
Go to source

Economic Research Service

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

Trusted Source
Go to source

MedlinePlus

Database From National Library of Medicine

U.S Department of Health and Human Services
Go to source

National Institute of Health

An agency of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

Trusted Source
Go to source

Trusted Source

Database From National Institute Of Health

U.S Department of Health and Human Services
Go to source

The BMJ

Weekly Peer-reviewed Medical Trade Journal

The British Medical Association
Go to source

The British Psychological Society

The British Psychological Society is a charity registered in England

Database From Wiley Online Library
Go to source

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute

Database From National Institute Of Health

U.S Department of Health and Human Services
Go to source

PubMed

Database From National Institute Of Health

U.S National Library of Medicine
Go to source

DailyMed

Database From National Institute Of Health

U.S National Library of Medicine
Go to source

Google Scholar

Go to source

Science.gov: USA.gov for Science

Government Science Portal

Go to source

ResearchGate

Social Network Service For Scientists

Find and share research
Go to source

American Heart Association

To be a rentless force for a world of longer, healthier lives

Go to source

BioMed Central

Research in progress

Go to source

JAMA Network

Home of JAMA and the Specialty Journals of the American Medical Association

Go to source

Springer Link

Database From Springer Nature Switzerland AG

Springer - International Publisher Science, Technology, Medicine
Go to source

ODS

Database from Office of Dietary Supplements

National Institutes of Health
Go to source

Federal Trade Commission

Bureaus of Consumer Protection, Competition and Economics
Go to source

Trusted Source

Database From U.S. Department of Health & Human Services

Governmental Authority
Go to source

Oxford Academic Journals

Oxford University Press

Trusted Source
Go to source

Taylor & Francis Online

Peer-reviewed Journals

Academic Publishing Division of Informa PLC
Go to source

WHO

Database from World Health Organization

Go to source

Journal of Neurology

Peer-reviewed Medical Journal

American Academy of Neurology Journal
Go to source

ScienceDirect

Bibliographic Database of Scientific and Medical Publications

Dutch publisher Elsevier
Go to source

Wiley Online Library

American Multinational Publishing Company

Trusted Source
Go to source

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

U.S. National Public Health Agency

U.S Department of Health and Human Services
Go to source

Trusted Source

Database from U.S. National Library of Medicine

U.S. Federal Government
Go to source

U.S. Food & Drug Administration

Federal Agency

U.S Department of Health and Human Services
Go to source

PubMed Central

Database From National Institute Of Health

U.S National Library of Medicine
Go to source
Feedback

Help us rate this article

Thank you for your feedback

Keep in touch to see our improvement