Fact checkedExpert's opinion

Expert's opinion

The article is a subjective view on this topic written by writers specializing in medical writing.
It may reflect on a personal journey surrounding struggles with an illness or medical condition, involve product comparisons, diet considerations, or other health-related opinions.

Although the view is entirely that of the writer, it is based on academic experiences and scientific research they have conducted; it is fact-checked by a team of degreed medical experts, and validated by sources attached to the article.

The numbers in parenthesis (1,2,3) will take you to clickable links to related scientific papers.

Low FODMAP Snacks: 15 Best Healthy Snack Ideas To Try In 2024

Mitchelle Morgan

Updated on - Written by
Medically reviewed by Ellie Busby, MS, RDN

low fodmap snacks
A low-FODMAP diet may help manage IBS symptoms.

FODMAP[1] foods can distress the gut by fermenting in the digestive system, leading to increased gas production and water retention. This can cause symptoms such as bloating, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and constipation in individuals with FODMAP sensitivity or irritable bowel syndrome,[2] i.e., IBS. FODMAP stands for fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols, short-chained carbohydrates poorly absorbed in the small intestine.

A low-FODMAP diet may help, but finding suitable snacks can be challenging. So, we have curated a list of delicious options that are satisfying and gentle on your digestive system.

Whether craving sweet or savory, there’s something for everyone. Read on for our 15 favorite low-FODMAP snacks packed with flavor and nutrition.

15 Quick And Healthy Low FODMAP Snacks

Looking for quick and healthy low-FODMAP snacks? We’ve got you covered! Indulge in these 15 delightful low fodmap snack ideas that are both delicious and gentle on your digestive system. They are:

  1. Rice crackers.
  2. Almond butter.
  3. Dark chocolate.
  4. Chia seeds.
  5. Hard-boiled eggs.
  6. Pumpkin seeds.
  7. Cucumber slices.
  8. Blueberries.
  9. Carrot sticks.
  10. Strawberries.
  11. Bell peppers.
  12. Olives.
  13. Grapes.
  14. Walnuts.
  15. Greek yogurt.

What Is Low FODMAP?

FODMAP[3] stands for Fermentable Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides, and Polyols. These are types of carbohydrates that can trigger digestive symptoms in susceptible people. The low-FODMAP diet involves reducing or eliminating the consumption of high-FODMAP foods to alleviate symptoms.

High-FODMAP foods contain lactose,[4] fructose, fructans,[5] galactan’s, and polyols.[6] These foods ferment in the gut and may cause gas, bloating, abdominal pain, and poor bowel cleansing[7] in some people. The good news is that a low-FODMAP diet may be used to identify specific trigger foods in some IBS sufferers. 

The diet typically involves restricting certain fruits, vegetables, grains, dairy products, sweeteners, and snacks that contain high-FODMAP ingredients. Instead, you can choose low-FODMAP alternatives: lactose-free milk, corn tortilla chips, and gluten-free rice cakes.

To ensure safety and effectiveness, we only recommend attempting a low-FODMAP diet with the support of a registered dietitian.[2]

15 Best Low-FODMAP Snacks You Should Try

If you’re looking for delicious and healthy snacks, here are the 15 best low-FODMAP options. These sweet and salty snacks are tasty and help promote overall well-being.

Rice Crackers

low fodmap snacks
Rice crackers are the perfect low-FODMAP snack.

Rice crackers are low-FODMAP gluten-free snacks with a satisfying crunch. They can be a good source of carbohydrates and fiber.

Almond Butter Or Peanut Butter

low fodmap snacks
Blend peanut butter in smoothies or add to toast.

Almonds[8] are a nutritious spread rich in healthy fats, protein, and fiber. They are an excellent vitamin E, magnesium, and antioxidant[9] source and may support healthy gut bacteria balance. Enjoy nut butter on rice crackers or gluten-free cakes for a satisfying snack. Peanut butter and cashew butter are just as nutritious.

Dark Chocolate

low fodmap snacks
Low-FODMAP chocolate snacks may boost your mood.

Sweet tooth? When made with low-FODMAP ingredients, chocolate can provide antioxidants,[10] iron,[11] magnesium,[12] and fiber. It may also have mood-boosting[13] properties. 

Go for a vegan variety to ensure no lactose. The darker, the better: aim for a minimum of 85% cacao solids for the best health benefits. Or, opt for an allergen-free brand such as Enjoy Life chocolate chips. While Enjoy Life products are no longer certified low-FODMAP, many of their previously certified products have not changed.

Chia Seeds

low fodmap snacks
Chia seeds are a highly nutrient-dense low-FODMAP snack.

Chia seeds[14] are a nutrient-dense snack packed with fiber, omega-3 fatty acids, protein, vitamins, and minerals. Sprinkle them on lactose-free yogurt for a high-protein snack, or add them to low-FODMAP energy balls for an extra nutritional boost.

Hard-Boiled Eggs

low fodmap snacks
Hard-boiled eggs provide essential vitamins and minerals.

Hard-boiled eggs are a high-protein[15] snack providing essential vitamins and minerals, including selenium[16] and choline.[17] Enjoy this filling snack alone, or add them to salads.

Pumpkin Seeds

low fodmap snacks
Pumpkin seeds are a low-FODMAP on-the-go snack.

Pumpkin seeds[18] are a nutritious snack rich in protein,[19] carotenoids, healthy fats, fiber, iron, magnesium, zinc, and antioxidants. Enjoy these seeds roasted, or add them to a perfect combo trail mix. Add a little sea salt for the perfect salty snack.

Cucumber Slices

low fodmap snacks
Cucumber slices in water or a salad offer ample hydration.

Cucumber slices are a refreshing, hydrating, low-calorie snack with a high water content. Cucumbers[20] also provide vitamins C and K and minerals like potassium and magnesium. 

Enjoy cucumber slices alone or as a crunchy addition to salads or snack plates for a satisfying and nutritious low-FODMAP snack option.

Blueberries

low fodmap snacks
Blueberries are a natural source of antioxidants.

Blueberries[21] are a delicious low-FODMAP fruit providing essential vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. They are rich in vitamins C, K, and dietary fiber.

Carrot Sticks

low fodmap snacks
Carrot sticks add crunch and nutrition to any snack.

Carrot sticks make for a crunchy and nutritious low-FODMAP snack. They are a great source of beta-carotene, vitamin K, potassium, and fiber, which support heart and liver health.[22]

Strawberries

low fodmap snacks
Strawberries are rich in antioxidants.

Strawberries[23] are delicious, low-FODMAP fruits with natural sweetness. They are packed with antioxidant-rich vitamin C, manganese, and dietary fiber, making them a nutritious choice for a mid-day snack.

Bell Peppers

low fodmap snacks
Bell peppers are a good source of antioxidants.

Bell peppers,[24] whether red, green, or yellow, are low-FODMAP vegetables providing vitamins C, A, and antioxidants.

Olives

low fodmap snacks
You can enjoy olives in drinks or eat them whole.

Olives are a flavorful low-FODMAP snack that can add a savory touch to your snacking routine. They are a source of healthy monounsaturated fats[25] and provide vitamin E and other antioxidants.

Grapes

low fodmap snacks
Grapes are a versatile low-FODMAP snack.

Grapes are another low-FODMAP fruit option providing a burst of healthy juices. They are a good source[26] of flavonoids and phenolic acids, antioxidants that protect against oxidative stress.[27] Anthocyanins[28] and stilbenes[29] have anti-inflammatory properties and multiple potential health benefits.

Walnuts

low fodmap snacks
Nuts such as walnuts are good for the brain.

Walnuts are a nutritious snack providing omega-3 fatty acids.[30] These healthy fats benefit brain health and may support cognitive function[31] and heart health.[32] Brazil nuts, pecan, and pine nuts are other low-FODMAP nuts to try.

Greek Yogurt

low fodmap snacks
Greek yogurt supplies prebiotics for gut health.

Lactose-free Greek yogurt is a protein-packed low-FODMAP snack. It is a good source of probiotics, which may support gut health[33] and bone health.

Are There More Low-FODMAP Foods?

Yes, there are. 

Please note that this is not a comprehensive list. For instance, popcorn is also low-FODMAP-friendly. With further research, you can find more low-FODMAP whole grains, veggies, fruits, and even low-FODMAP cheeses.

You can also make a low-FODMAP trail mix using organic maple syrup, dark chocolate, and approved nuts. These versatile mixes can provide a mix of healthy fats, protein, fiber, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants.

Remember that serving size also matters when it comes to FODMAP foods. You may tolerate a small amount of higher-FODMAP foods. Your dietitian will help you personalize your low-FODMAP[34] serving sizes to manage your symptoms best.

What Foods To Avoid On A Low FODMAP Diet

FODMAPs are certain carbohydrates and sugar alcohols. Low-FODMAP foods have smaller amounts of these, reducing the likelihood of digestive symptoms. High-FODMAP ingredients contain more significant amounts and can trigger symptoms like bloating and gas.

So when following a low-FODMAP diet, be mindful of certain foods that trigger your digestive symptoms. Here are the foods to avoid within specific food groups:

High-FODMAP Fruits

Certain fruits, such as apples, pears, watermelon, and cherries, contain high levels of FODMAPs. These include sugars[35] which can cause bloating, gas, and discomfort.

High-FODMAP Vegetables

Vegetables like onions, garlic, cauliflower, and mushrooms are high in FODMAPs. Garlic powder and any other powders made from these vegetables are also high-FODMAP. These foods contain fructans[36] which can contribute to gastrointestinal distress.

High-FODMAP Grains

Grains such as rye[37] are high in FODMAPs. Avoid regular bread, pasta, and cereals containing these grains, as they can trigger symptoms. However, sourdough fermentation can reduce the FODMAP content,[38] and some rye bread[39] varieties can be low in FODMAPs.

High-FODMAP Legumes

Legumes[40] like chickpeas, lentils, and kidney beans are high in FODMAPs, particularly oligosaccharides. These carbohydrates can ferment in the gut and lead to gas and bloating.

High-FODMAP Dairy Products

Certain dairy products like milk, yogurt, and soft cheeses contain lactose,[41] which can be challenging to digest for some people. Opt for lactose-free alternatives or small portions of low-lactose products.

Avoiding these high-FODMAP foods on a low-FODMAP diet might help you reduce symptoms associated with IBS. You may also experience better and improved digestive comfort. Consult a healthcare professional or registered dietitian for personalized guidance before embarking on a low-FODMAP diet.

The Bottom Line

Those with a sweet tooth might find it challenging to build a low-FODMAP meal plan. But no more, as you now have a list of sweet, savory, and salty treats.

Most importantly, switching to a low-FODMAP diet may be helpful if you live with digestive problems like IBS. By choosing low-FODMAP substitutes, you might improve digestive symptoms, including bloating, gas, and abdominal pain. And now that you have a list of many low-FODMAP snacks to buy, you can formulate a list of your favorite low-FODMAP snacks.

Please consult experts for a sufficiently nutritious diet plan, especially if you are on medication or any weight loss supplements. Remember that each person’s tolerance to high-FODMAP foods may differ. Also, formulating a healthy low-FODMAP snack plate requires coaching and expert knowledge so consult a registered dietitian.


+ 41 sources

Health Canal avoids using tertiary references. We have strict sourcing guidelines and rely on peer-reviewed studies, academic researches from medical associations and institutions. To ensure the accuracy of articles in Health Canal, you can read more about the editorial process here

  1. Varney, J., Jacqueline Susanne Barrett, Scarlata, K., Catsos, P., Gibson, P.G. and Muir, J.G. (2017). FODMAPs: food composition, defining cutoff values and international application. [online] 32, pp.53–61. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/jgh.13698.
  2. Halmos, E.P. and Gibson, P.G. (2019). Controversies and reality of the FODMAP diet for patients with irritable bowel syndrome. [online] 34(7), pp.1134–1142. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/jgh.14650.
  3. Nordin, E., Brunius, C., Landberg, R. and Hellström, P.M. (2021). Fermentable oligo-, di-, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs), but not gluten, elicit modest symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized three-way crossover trial. [online] 115(2), pp.344–352. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqab337.
  4. Deng, Y., Misselwitz, B., Dai, N. and Fox, M.A. (2015). Lactose Intolerance in Adults: Biological Mechanism and Dietary Management. [online] 7(9), pp.8020–8035. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/nu7095380.
  5. Fedewa, A. and Satish S.C. Rao (2014). Dietary Fructose Intolerance, Fructan Intolerance and FODMAPs. [online] 16(1). doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11894-013-0370-0.
  6. Lenhart, A. and Chey, W.D. (2017). A Systematic Review of the Effects of Polyols on Gastrointestinal Health and Irritable Bowel Syndrome. [online] 8(4), pp.587–596. doi:https://doi.org/10.3945/an.117.015560.
  7. Cheng, P., Ma, R., Wang, S., Fang, J., Zhong, Z., Bai, Y., Meng, X. and Li, Z.-S. (2020). Effect of the High-FODMAP Diet on Bowel Preparation for Colonoscopy: A Multicenter, Prospective Cohort Study. [online] 2020, pp.1–8. doi:https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/1612040.
  8. Dreher, M.L. (2021). A Comprehensive Review of Almond Clinical Trials on Weight Measures, Metabolic Health Biomarkers and Outcomes, and the Gut Microbiota. [online] 13(6), pp.1968–1968. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13061968.
  9. Burns, A.M., Zitt, M.A., Rowe, C.C., Dahl, W.J., Mai, V., Nieves, C., Ukhanova, M. and Christman, M.C. (2016). Diet quality improves for parents and children when almonds are incorporated into their daily diet: a randomized, crossover study. [online] 36(1), pp.80–89. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2015.11.004.
  10. Samanta, S., Sarkar, T., Chakraborty, R., Maksim Rebezov, Mohammad Ali Shariati, Muthu Thiruvengadam and Kannan R.R. Rengasamy (2022). Dark chocolate: An overview of its biological activity, processing, and fortification approaches. [online] 5, pp.1916–1943. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crfs.2022.10.017.
  11. Katz, D.L., Doughty, K. and Ali, A. (2011). Cocoa and Chocolate in Human Health and Disease. [online] 15(10), pp.2779–2811. doi:https://doi.org/10.1089/ars.2010.3697.
  12. Cinquanta, L., Cinzia Di Cesare, Manoni, R., Piano, A., Roberti, P. and Salvatori, G. (2016). Mineral essential elements for nutrition in different chocolate products. [online] 67(7), pp.773–778. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/09637486.2016.1199664.
  13. Shin, J.-H., Chong Jai Kim, Cha, L., Kim, S.-J., Lee, S., Chae, S.-Y., Woo Jung Chun and Shin, D.-M. (2022). Consumption of 85% cocoa dark chocolate improves mood in association with gut microbial changes in healthy adults: a randomized controlled trial. [online] 99, pp.108854–108854. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108854.
  14. Ullah, R., Nadeem, M., Khalique, A., Imran, M., Mehmood, S., Javid, A. and Hussain, J. (2015). Nutritional and therapeutic perspectives of Chia (Salvia hispanica L.): a review. [online] 53(4), pp.1750–1758. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-015-1967-0.
  15. Puglisi, M.J. and Maria Luz Fernandez (2022). The Health Benefits of Egg Protein. [online] 14(14), pp.2904–2904. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14142904.
  16. Pilarczyk, B., Agnieszka Tomza-Marciniak, Pilarczyk, R. and Tarasewicz, Z. (2019). Eggs as a source of selenium in the human diet. [online] ResearchGate. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330664227_Eggs_as_a_source_of_selenium_in_the_human_diet.
  17. Lotte Smolders, Nicole de Wit, Michiel G.J. Balvers, Obeid, R., Vissers, M.M.M. and Esser, D. (2019). Natural Choline from Egg Yolk Phospholipids Is More Efficiently Absorbed Compared with Choline Bitartrate; Outcomes of A Randomized Trial in Healthy Adults. [online] 11(11), pp.2758–2758. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11112758.
  18. Amin, M.G., Islam, T., M. Nasir Uddin, M. Nasir Uddin, Md. Mustafizur Rahman and M. Abdus Satter (2019). Comparative study on nutrient contents in the different parts of indigenous and hybrid varieties of pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima Linn.). [online] 5(9), pp.e02462–e02462. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02462.
  19. Batool, M., Nawaz, A., Ume Roobab, Muhammad Faisal Manzoor, Farooq, U., Hafiz Rehan Nadeem, Nadeem, M., Rabia Hussain Kanwal, Hamada AbdElgawad, Jaouni, A., Selim, S. and Ibrahim, S.A. (2022). Nutritional Value, Phytochemical Potential, and Therapeutic Benefits of Pumpkin (Cucurbita sp.). [online] 11(11), pp.1394–1394. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11111394.
  20. T. G. G. Uthpala, Upul Marapana, Lakmini, P.C. and Devini Wettimuny (2020). Nutritional Bioactive Compounds and Health Benefits of Fresh and Processed Cucumber (Cucumis Sativus L.). [online] ResearchGate. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344270982_Nutritional_Bioactive_Compounds_and_Health_Benefits_of_Fresh_and_Processed_Cucumber_Cucumis_Sativus_L.
  21. Kalt, W., Cassidy, A., Howard, L., Krikorian, R., Stull, A.J., Tremblay, F. and Zamora-Ros, R. (2020). Recent Research on the Health Benefits of Blueberries and Their Anthocyanins. [online] 11(2), pp.224–236. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmz065.
  22. Raffaella Soleti, Coué, M., Trenteseaux, C., Grégory Hilairet, Fizanne, L., Kasbi-Chadli, F., Mallegol, P., Julien Chaigneau, Jérôme Boursier, Krempf, M., Geoffriau, E., Ramaroson Andriantsitohaina and Khadija Ouguerram (2021). Carrot Supplementation Improves Blood Pressure and Reduces Aortic Root Lesions in an Atherosclerosis-Prone Genetic Mouse Model. [online] 13(4), pp.1181–1181. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13041181.
  23. Sadia Afrin, Gasparrini, M., Simal-Gandara, J., Reboredo-Rodríguez, P., Mezzetti, B., Varela-López, A., Giampieri, F. and Simal-Gandara, J. (2016). Promising Health Benefits of the Strawberry: A Focus on Clinical Studies. [online] 64(22), pp.4435–4449. doi:https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00857.
  24. Anaya-Esparza, L.M., Mora, Vázquez-Paulino, O., Ascencio, F. and Angélica Villarruel-López (2021). Bell Peppers (Capsicum annum L.) Losses and Wastes: Source for Food and Pharmaceutical Applications. [online] 26(17), pp.5341–5341. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26175341.
  25. Lukas Schwingshackl and Hoffmann, G.F. (2014). Monounsaturated fatty acids, olive oil and health status: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. [online] 13(1). doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-511x-13-154.
  26. Sabra, A., Netticadan, T. and Champa Wijekoon (2021). Grape bioactive molecules, and the potential health benefits in reducing the risk of heart diseases. [online] 12, pp.100149–100149. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fochx.2021.100149.
  27. Elejalde, E., Mari Carmen Villarán and Alonso, R.M. (2021). Grape polyphenols supplementation for exercise-induced oxidative stress. [online] 18(1). doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-020-00395-0.
  28. Li, S., Wu, B., Fu, W. and Lavanya Reddivari (2019). The Anti-inflammatory Effects of Dietary Anthocyanins against Ulcerative Colitis. [online] 20(10), pp.2588–2588. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20102588.
  29. Av, K., Alina Alekseevna Shevandova, Vitalina Igorevna Petrenko, Fomochkina, I.I., Leya Evgenievna Sorokina, Kucherenko, A.S., Andrey Alexandrovich Gordienko, Khimich, N., Evgeniya Yu. Zyablitskaya, Tatiana Pavlovna Makalish, Aliev, L.L., Kornienko, N. and Fomochkin, I. (2020). Anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic effects of grape-derived stilbene concentrate in the experimental metabolic syndrome. [online] 19(2), pp.1205–1214. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s40200-020-00626-w.
  30. Gordana Petrović-Oggiano, Jasmina Debeljak-Martacic, Slavica Ranković, Biljana Pokimica, Ana Aleksić Mirić, Marija Glibetić and Tatjana Popović (2020). The Effect of Walnut Consumption on n-3 Fatty Acid Profile of Healthy People Living in a Non-Mediterranean West Balkan Country, a Small Scale Randomized Study. [online] 12(1), pp.192–192. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12010192.
  31. Chauhan, A. and Chauhan, V. (2020). Beneficial Effects of Walnuts on Cognition and Brain Health. [online] 12(2), pp.550–550. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12020550.
  32. Kris-Etherton, P.M. (2014). Walnuts Decrease Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Summary of Efficacy and Biologic Mechanisms. [online] 144(4), pp.547S554S. doi:https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.113.182907.
  33. Daniel Joseph Lisko, Graham A.R. Johnston and Johnston, C.J. (2017). Effects of Dietary Yogurt on the Healthy Human Gastrointestinal (GI) Microbiome. [online] 5(1), pp.6–6. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms5010006.
  34. Whelan, K., Martin, L., Staudacher, H.M. and Lomer, M. (2018). The low FODMAP diet in the management of irritable bowel syndrome: an evidence-based review of FODMAP restriction, reintroduction and personalisation in clinical practice. [online] 31(2), pp.239–255. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/jhn.12530.
  35. DiNicolantonio, J.J. and Lucan, S.C. (2015). Is fructose malabsorption a cause of irritable bowel syndrome? [online] 85(3), pp.295–297. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2015.05.019.
  36. Cox, S.R., Clarke, H.C., O’Keeffe, M., Dubois, P., Irving, P.M., Lindsay, J.O. and Whelan, K. (2021). Nutrient, Fibre, and FODMAP Intakes and Food-related Quality of Life in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease, and Their Relationship with Gastrointestinal Symptoms of Differing Aetiologies. [online] 15(12), pp.2041–2053. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab116.
  37. Pirkola, L., Reijo Laatikainen, Jussi Loponen, Sanna-Maria Hongisto, Markku Hillilä, Anu Nuora, Yang, B., Linderborg, K.M. and Freese, R. (2018). Low-FODMAP vs regular rye bread in irritable bowel syndrome: Randomized SmartPill® study. [online] doi:https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v24.i11.1259.
  38. Marta Acín Albiac, Raffaella Di Cagno, Filannino, P., Cantatore, V. and Gobbetti, M. (2020). How fructophilic lactic acid bacteria may reduce the FODMAPs content in wheat-derived baked goods: a proof of concept. [online] 19(1). doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12934-020-01438-6.
  39. Reino Laatikainen, Jari Koskenpato, Sanna-Maria Hongisto, Jyrki Loponen, Tuija Poussa, Markku Hillilä and Korpela, R. (2016). Randomised clinical trial: low-FODMAP rye bread vs. regular rye bread to relieve the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome. [online] 44(5), pp.460–470. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13726.
  40. Galgano, F., Maria Cristina Mele, Tolve, R., Condelli, N., Maria Di Cairano, Ianiro, G., D’Antuono, I. and Fabio Favati (2023). Strategies for Producing Low FODMAPs Foodstuffs: Challenges and Perspectives. [online] 12(4), pp.856–856. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12040856.
  41. Misselwitz, B., Butter, M., Verbeke, K. and Fox, M.A. (2019). Update on lactose malabsorption and intolerance: pathogenesis, diagnosis and clinical management. [online] 68(11), pp.2080–2091. doi:https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2019-318404.
Mitchelle Morgan

Medically reviewed by:

Ellie Busby

Mitchelle Morgan is a health and wellness writer with over 10 years of experience. She holds a Master's in Communication. Her mission is to provide readers with information that helps them live a better lifestyle. All her work is backed by scientific evidence to ensure readers get valuable and actionable content.

Medically reviewed by:

Ellie Busby

Journal of Physical Education and Sport

Trusted Source

Go to source

SciELO - Scientific Electronic Library Online

Trusted Source

Go to source

African Journals Online

Non-profit Platform for African Journals

Trusted Source
Go to source

Journal of The American Board of Family Medicine

American Board of Family Medicine

Trusted Source
Go to source

Informit

RMIT University Library

Trusted Source
Go to source

European Food Safety Authority

Science, Safe food, Sustainability

Trusted Source
Go to source

OrthoInfo

American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons

Trusted Source
Go to source

American Academy of Family Physicians

Strengthen family physicians and the communities they care for

Trusted Source
Go to source

Agricultural Research Service

U.S. Department of Agriculture

Trusted Source
Go to source

The American Journal of Medicine

Official Journal of The Alliance for Academic Internal Medicine

Trusted Source
Go to source

National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism

Database From National Institute Of Health

Trusted Source
Go to source

Lippincott Journals

Subsidiaries of Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

Trusted Source
Go to source

National Institute on Aging

Database From National Institute Of Health

Trusted Source
Go to source

Translational Research

The Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine

Trusted Source
Go to source

Cell

An All-science Publisher

Trusted Source
Go to source

Journal of Translational Medicine

BioMed Central

Part of Springer Nature
Go to source

Federal Trade Commission

Protecting America's Consumers

Trusted Source
Go to source

National Human Genome Research Institute

Database From National Institute Of Health

Trusted Source
Go to source

Food Production, Processing and Nutrition

BioMed Central

Part of Springer Nature
Go to source

BMC Gastroenterology

BioMed Central

Part of Springer Nature
Go to source

ACS Publications

A Division of The American Chemical Society

Trusted Source
Go to source

Annual Reviews

Independent, Non-profit Academic Publishing Company

Trusted Source
Go to source

PubChem

National Center for Biotechnology Information

National Library of Medicine
Go to source

PLOS Journals

Nonprofit Publisher of Open-access Journals

Trusted Source
Go to source

Thieme E-books & E-Journals

Peer-reviewed & Open Access Journal

Trusted Source
Go to source

European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences

Peer-reviewed International Journal Publishes

Trusted Source
Go to source

Royal Society of Chemistry Publishing Home

Chemical Science Journals, Books and Database

Trusted Source
Go to source

Frontiers

Publisher of Peer-reviewed Articles in Open Acess Journals

Trusted Source
Go to source

De Gruyter

German Scholarly Publishing House

Trusted Source
Go to source

Hindawi

Open Access Research Journals & Papers

Trusted Source
Go to source

Oilseeds and Fats, Crops and Lipids

EDP Sciences

Trusted Source
Go to source

Cambridge Core

Cambridge University Press

Trusted Source
Go to source

FoodData Central

U.S. Department Of Agriculture

Trusted Source
Go to source

Journal of the American Heart Association

Peer-reviewed Open Access Scientific Journal

Trusted Source
Go to source

National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health

Database From National Institute Of Health

U.S Department of Health and Human Services
Go to source

The Americans with Disabilities Act

U.S. Department of Justice Civil Rights Division

Trusted Source
Go to source

Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics

Organization of Food and Nutrition Professionals

tr
Go to source

Sage Journals

Database From Sage Publications

Trusted Source
Go to source

National Institute of Drug Abuse

Database From National Institute Of Health

U.S Department of Health and Human Services
Go to source

The ClinMed International Library

A Repository and an Open Access Publisher for Medical Research

Trusted Source
Go to source

The Royal Society Publishing

United Kingdom's National Academy of Sciences

Trusted Source
Go to source

APA PsycNet

Database From American Psychological Association

Trusted Source
Go to source

The Pharma Innovation Journal

Peer-reviewed And Refereed Journal

Trusted Source
Go to source

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development

Peer-reviewed Bimonthly Journal

Trusted Source
Go to source

British Pharmacological Society

Journals - Wiley Online Library

Trusted Source
Go to source

American Psychological Association

Scientific and Professional Organization of Psychologists

Trusted Source
Go to source

AAP Publications

Database From American Academy of Pediatrics

Trusted Source
Go to source

Karger Publishers

Academic Publisher of Scientific and Medical Journals and Books

Trusted Source
Go to source

Cambridge University Press & Assessment

Database From Cambridge University

Trusted Source
Go to source

National Institute of Mental Health

Database From National Institute Of Health

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Go to source

MDPI

Publisher of Open Access Journals

Trusted Source
Go to source

Bulletin of the National Research Centre

Part of Springer Nature

Trusted Source
Go to source

The New England Journal of Medicine

Massachusetts Medical Society

Trusted Source
Go to source

Economic Research Service

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

Trusted Source
Go to source

MedlinePlus

Database From National Library of Medicine

U.S Department of Health and Human Services
Go to source

National Institute of Health

An agency of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

Trusted Source
Go to source

Trusted Source

Database From National Institute Of Health

U.S Department of Health and Human Services
Go to source

The BMJ

Weekly Peer-reviewed Medical Trade Journal

The British Medical Association
Go to source

The British Psychological Society

The British Psychological Society is a charity registered in England

Database From Wiley Online Library
Go to source

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute

Database From National Institute Of Health

U.S Department of Health and Human Services
Go to source

PubMed

Database From National Institute Of Health

U.S National Library of Medicine
Go to source

DailyMed

Database From National Institute Of Health

U.S National Library of Medicine
Go to source

Google Scholar

Go to source

Science.gov: USA.gov for Science

Government Science Portal

Go to source

ResearchGate

Social Network Service For Scientists

Find and share research
Go to source

American Heart Association

To be a rentless force for a world of longer, healthier lives

Go to source

BioMed Central

Research in progress

Go to source

JAMA Network

Home of JAMA and the Specialty Journals of the American Medical Association

Go to source

Springer Link

Database From Springer Nature Switzerland AG

Springer - International Publisher Science, Technology, Medicine
Go to source

ODS

Database from Office of Dietary Supplements

National Institutes of Health
Go to source

Federal Trade Commission

Bureaus of Consumer Protection, Competition and Economics
Go to source

Trusted Source

Database From U.S. Department of Health & Human Services

Governmental Authority
Go to source

Oxford Academic Journals

Oxford University Press

Trusted Source
Go to source

Taylor & Francis Online

Peer-reviewed Journals

Academic Publishing Division of Informa PLC
Go to source

WHO

Database from World Health Organization

Go to source

Journal of Neurology

Peer-reviewed Medical Journal

American Academy of Neurology Journal
Go to source

ScienceDirect

Bibliographic Database of Scientific and Medical Publications

Dutch publisher Elsevier
Go to source

Wiley Online Library

American Multinational Publishing Company

Trusted Source
Go to source

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

U.S. National Public Health Agency

U.S Department of Health and Human Services
Go to source

Trusted Source

Database from U.S. National Library of Medicine

U.S. Federal Government
Go to source

U.S. Food & Drug Administration

Federal Agency

U.S Department of Health and Human Services
Go to source

PubMed Central

Database From National Institute Of Health

U.S National Library of Medicine
Go to source
Feedback

Help us rate this article

Thank you for your feedback

Keep in touch to see our improvement